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People produce food in many ways.Agriculture，or farming，developed thousands of years ago

People produce food in many ways.Agriculture，or farming，developed thousands of years ago. ___11___about 100 years ago, most farmers in the United States Produced only enough food for their own___12___Today,modern equipment and farming methods have greatly ___13___the American farmer’s productivity.

In various parts of the world,people___14___many animals that supply meat and milk. Cattle, horses, goats, sheep, and pigs are important food animals. In the United States, the cow is the major source of milk products. Chickens___15___ people with both meat and eggs.

Fishing is an important source of food, ___16___in areas near the sea. Some countries, like Japan, consume much more fish than meat.

The wealthy areas of the world consume the most food , ___17___include the United States, Canada, and Europe. Many countries are able to import food if it cannot be produced at home. ___18___Great Britain imports about 75percent of its meat，and grows less than half the food its people require.

___19___people of the poor countries of the world usually eat only what they are able to produce themselves. In some parts of Asia, people live ___20___rice alone.

11.A.In B.Until C.From D.for

12.A.needs B.reasons C.efforts D.interests

13.A.protected B.supported C.increased D.reflected

14.A.grow B.raise C.train D.store

15.A.prepare B.treat C.serve D.provide

16.A.certainly B.actually C.occasionally D.especially

17.A.these B.where C.which D.they

18.A.In addition B.For example C.Above all D.After all

19.A.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.instead

20.A.with B.for C.on D.through

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发布时间：2023-09-27

更多“People produce food in many ways.Agriculture，or farming，developed thousands of years ago”相关的问题

第1题

Genetically modified （GM) foodstuffs are here to stay. That's not to say that food produce

Genetically modified (GM) foodstuffs are here to stay. That's not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear, 【C1】______ simply that foodbuying patterns will polarize. It may even be that GM food will become the food of 【C2】______ because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use.

The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep 【C3】______ with the world's 【C4】______ population growth to ten or eleven billion. It's not just a question of more mouths to feed either. 【C5】______ is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space,reducing the overall land 【C6】______ for agriculture.

It may well be that in the long term it is the developing world 【C7】______ benefits most from GM foods. It's true that for the next ten years or so GM crops may be 【C8】______ expensive. But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here—once the technology has been developed for money spinning crops, 【C9】______ maize, soy beans and cotton,it will become 【C10】______ for all.

This doesn't mean, unfortunately, that families will 【C11】______ , but severity and duration will be helped by an 【C12】______ ability to produce and distribute food.

【C13】______ we move into this new era of agriculture we're embarking on a journey the world has seen many number of times with experiments before. We have been refining species of wheat for several thousand years. Genetic engineers like me are not doing anything as 【C14】______ as making a cabbage into a cauliflower 【C15】______ has been done by plant breeders in the past.

We're simply tapping into the whole gene pool, rather than concentrating on one species at a time.

【C1】______

A．and

B．or

C．but

D．rather than

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第2题

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people -- especially young people have become aware

of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount-- but not the quality -- of foods grown in commercial farming areas.

Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food; they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.

There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is presented in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence emphasis placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modem experts on "healthy eating."

According to this passage, people becoming interested in natural foods because ______.

A．they are getting fired of processed foods

B．they want to change their eating habits

C．a lot of the foods they eat is not healthy

D．food experts recommend them to have natural foods

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第3题

阅读理解：Some of the world's most sign significant problems hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

Some of the world's most sign significant problems hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's major crops. A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring.

The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat, corn and soyabeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s.

There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world's most populous(人口多的)countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse.

Second,yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that "we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world."

The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued.

Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.

1.What does the author try to draw attention to？

A.Food riots and hunger in the world.

B.The decline of the grain yield growth.

C.News headlines in the leading media.

D.The food supply in populous countries.

2.Why does the author mention India and China in particular？

A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.

B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.

C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns.

D.Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.

3.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts？

A.They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.

B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.

C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.

D.they focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.

4.What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades？

A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.

B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.

C.The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.

D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.

5.How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation？

A.It is built on the findings of a new study.

B.It is based on a doubtful assumption.

C.It is backed by strong evidence.

D.It is open to further discussion.

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第4题

Organic agriculture is a relatively untapped resource for feeding the Earth's popu

lation，especially inthe face of climate change and other global challenges. That's the conclusion I reached in reviewing40 years of science comparing the long-term prospects of organic and conventional farming.

The review study,"Organic Agriculture in the 21st Century,”is featured as the cover story for theFebruary issue of the journal Nature Plants. It is the first to compare organic and conventional agricultureacross the main goals of sustainability identified by the National Academy of Sciences: productivity,economics，and environment.

Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient，requiring more land to yield the sameamount of food. It's true that organic farming produces lower yields，averaging 10 to 20 percent less thanconventional. Advocates contend that the environmental advantages of organic agriculture far outweighthe lower yields，and that increasing research and breeding resources for organic systems would reduce theyield gap.Sometimes excluded from these arguments is the fact that we already produce enough food tomore than feed the world's 7.4 billion people but do not provide adequate access to all individuals

In some cases，organic yields can be higher than conventional. For example，in severe droughtconditions，which are expected to increase with climate change in many areas，organic farms can produceas good，if not better，yields because of the higher water-holding capacity of organically farmed soils.

What science does tell us is that mainstream conventional farming systems have provided growingsupplies of food and other products but often at the expense of other sustainability goals.

Conventional agriculture may produce more food，but it often comes at a cost to the environment.Biodiversity loss，environmental degradation，and severe impacts on ecosystem services have not onlyaccompanied conventional farming systems but have often extended well beyond their field boundaries.With organic agriculture，environmental costs tend to be lower and the benefits greater.

Overall，organic farms tend to store more soil carbon，have better soil quality， and reduce soil erosioncompared to their conventional counterparts. Organic agriculture also creates less soil and water pollutionand lower greenhouse gas emissions. And it's more energy-efficient because it doesn't rely on syntheticfertilizers or pesticides.

Organic agriculture is also associated with greater biodiversity of plants，animals，insects andmicroorganisms as well as genetic diversity. Biodiversity increases the services that nature provides andimproves the ability of farming systems to adapt to changing conditions.

Despite lower yields，organic agriculture is more profitable for farmers because consumers are willingto pay more.Higher prices，called price premiums，can be justified as a way to compensate farmers forproviding ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.

51. What do we learn from the conclusion of the author's review study？

A)More resources should be tapped for feeding the world's population.

B)Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.

C)The long-term prospects of organic farming are yet to be explored.

D) Organic farming is at least as promising as conventional farming.

52. What is the critics' argument against organic farming？

A)It cannot meet the need for food.

B) It cannot increase farm yields.

C )It is not really practical.

D) It is not that productive.

53. What does the author think should be taken into account in arguing about organic farming？

A)Growth in world population.

B)Deterioration in soil fertility.

C) Inequality in food distribution.

D)Advance in farming technology.

54. What does science tell us about conventional farming？

A) It will not be able to meet global food demand.

B)It is not conducive to sustainable development.

C) It will eventually give way to organic farming.

D) It is going mainstream throughout the world.

55. Why does the author think higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable？

A)They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.

B)They motivate farmers to upgrade farming technology.

C) Organic farming costs more than conventional farming.

D)Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosystem.

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第5题

Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land, such as cotton, timber or rubber. Some raw materials such as iron ore, come from mines. These

Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land, such as cotton, timber or rubber. Some raw materials such as iron ore, come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods.

Some countries produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural county needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold, dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.

A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case, it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods.

21. From the first sentence of the passage we can know that there are()kinds of exports.

A. two

B. three

C. four

22. Raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where().

A. they are consumed

B. they are made into finished products

C. they are wasted

23. The countries which produce food for export,for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize are()countries.

A. developed

B. industrial

C. agricultural

24. An industrialized country usually has to import foodstuffs because().

A. it cannot always produce enough food for its own needs

B. it doesn't has fertile land and a good climate

C. it relies on exports of manufactured products

25. The best title of this passage is().

A. Agriculture and Industry

B. Export

C. Production

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第6题

Many American families pride themselves__1__their cooking, and have deep freezers,__2__they store food they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket.Supermarkets are large self-service stores __3__every kind of food—fresh, canned or frozen.So,__4__the fast-food restaurant, their produce is less expensive and easier__5__.There have been supermarkets in the USA since the 1930s, and they have now spread through a large part of the world.

1.( );

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.for

2.( );

A.when

B.whether

C.while

D.where

3.( );

A.sell

B.sold

C.selling

D.to sell

4.( );

A.for

B.such

C.as

D.like

5.( );

A.market

B.to market

C.marketing

D.to marketing

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第7题

Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guara

ntee two basic fights: the right to private property and the fight to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.

Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. "Incomes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do not have secure individual fights," he says.

Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.

"No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary," he argues. "There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well."

Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. "We would not deposit our money in banks.., if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts with borrowers," Olson writes.

Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. "If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives(刺激,动力)to produce, invest,, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance," Olson concludes.

Which of the following is true about Olson？

A．He was a fiction writer.

B．He edited the book Power and Prosperity.

C．He taught economics at the University of Maryland.

D．He was against the ownership of private property.

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第8题

It is vital that food and shelter are made ______ for people in the flood-stricken area.A.

free B.useful C.available D.usable

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第9题

Scientists have studied consumer behavior. recently and found 21 the look of the package

has a great effect 22 the "quality" of the product and on how well it 23 because consumers generally cannot 24 between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products, “as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers&39; feeling for packaging, noticed.”

Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human 25 quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word "green" today can keep food prices 26

27 are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are 28 to both the eye and the heart. That&39;s 29 the round yellow M signs of McDonald’s are inviting to both young and old. This new consumer response to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people 30 to satisfy both body and soul.

21.A. that B. what C. such D. as

22. A .with B. of C. at D. on

23 . A. buys B. sells C. offers D. works

24. A. show B. display C.tell D. differ

25. A. attention B. eye C. presence D. perception

26. A. to go up B. to go down C. going up D. going down

27. A. Packages B. Shapes C. Tools D. Products

28. A. pleasantly B. pleasing C. pleased D. pleasure

29. A. how B. because C .where D. why

30. A. sell B. make C. buy D. produce

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第10题

Most people （A) work to earn a living （B) and they produce goods and services（C). Services are such things like （D) education, medicine, and commerce. （选择有误的一项)

A.Most people

B.a living

C.goods and services

D.such things like

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第11题

Where can people order the unusual food mentioned by the speaker？A．From yuppie clubs.B．In

Where can people order the unusual food mentioned by the speaker？

A．From yuppie clubs.

B．In the seafood market.

C．In the supermarket.

D．On the Internet.

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