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Since 1895 the National Trust（国家文物信托基金会) has worked for the preservation of place

Since 1895 the National Trust(国家文物信托基金会) has worked for the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Today the Trust — 【B1】______ is not a government department but a charity depending on the 【B2】______ support of the public and its own members — is the largest landowner and conservation society in Britain.

Wherever you go, you are close to land that is protected and 【B3】______ by the National Trust. Over 300 miles of 【B4】______coastline； 90,000 acres of land, lakes and forests in one area of natural beauty 【B5】______ ； prehistoric and Roman ruins； moorlands and farmland, woods and islands； lengths of 【B6】______ waterways； even seventeen whole villages — all are open to the public at all times subject only 【B7】______ the needs of farming, forestry and the protection of wildlife.

But the Trust's protection【B8】______ further than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and【B9】______ two hundred historic buildings which it opens to paying visitors. Castles and churches, houses of 【B10】______or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks 【B11】______ to the Trust by their former owners. Many houses retain their 【B12】______ content of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over 【B13】______ , and often the donor himself continues to live in part of the house as a 【B14】______ of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver-framed photographs, books and papers in the rooms are signs that the house is still loved and 【B15】______ and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.

【B1】

A．it

B．which

C．this

D．whether it

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发布时间：2023-09-25

更多“Since 1895 the National Trust（国家文物信托基金会) has worked for the preservation of place”相关的问题

第1题

People apprecite___with him because he has a good sense of humor.A.to workB.to have worked

People apprecite___with him because he has a good sense of humor.

A.to work

B.to have worked

C.working

D.having worke

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第2题

The Universal Health System （UHS) provides the entire healthcare service to residents in I

The Universal Health System (UHS) provides the entire healthcare service to residents in Illopia. The UHS is funded centrally through revenues from taxpayers. However, the government is not involved in the day-to-day running of the UHS, which is largely managed regionally by a number of self-governing trusts, such as the Sickham UHS Trust.

The Sickham UHS Trust runs one hospital in Sickham and, like other trusts in Illopia, receives 70% of its income largely from the UHS’ ‘payments by results’ scheme, which was established two years ago. Under this scheme, the trust receives a pre-set tariff (fee income) for each service it provides. If the Trust manages to provide any of its services at a lower cost than the pre-set tariff, it is allowed to use the surplus as it wishes. Similarly, it has to bear the cost of any deficits itself. Currently, the Trust knows that a number of its services simply cannot be provided at the tariff paid and accepts that these always lead to a deficit. Similarly, other services always seem to create a surplus. This is partly because different trusts define their services and account for overheads differently. Also, it is partly due to regional differences in costs, which are not taken into account by the scheme, which operates on the basis that ‘one tariff fits all’.

The remaining 30% of the Trust’s income comes from transplant and heart operations. Since these are not covered by the scheme, the payment the Trust receives is based on the actual costs it incurs in providing the operations. However, the Trust is not allowed to exceed the total budget provided for these operations in any one year.

Over recent years, the Trust’s board of directors has become increasingly dissatisfied with the financial performance of the Trust and has blamed it on poor costing systems, leading to an inability to control costs. As a result, the finance director and his second in command – the financial controller – have now been replaced. The board of directors has taken this decision after complaining that ‘the Trust simply cannot sustain the big deficit between income and spending’. The new financial controller comes from a manufacturing background and is a great advocate of target costing, believing that the introduction of a target costing system at the Sickham UHS Trust is the answer to all of its problems. The new financial director is unconvinced, believing target costing to be only really suitable in manufacturing companies.

Required:

(a) Explain the main steps involved in developing a target price and target cost for a product in a typical manufacturing company. (6 marks)

(b) Explain four key characteristics that distinguish services from manufacturing. (4 marks)

(c) Describe how the Sickham UHS Trust is likely, in the current circumstances, to try to derive: (i) a target cost for the services that it provides under the ‘payment by results’ scheme; and (2 marks) (ii) a target cost for transplants and heart operations. (2 marks)

(d) Discuss THREE of the particular difficulties that the Sickham UHS Trust may find in using target costing in its service provision. (6 marks)

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第3题

For the first time in history, more people live in towns than in the county. In Britain th

is has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal firmly, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support. A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The conservatives’ planning reform. explicitly gives rural development priori over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are.in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more house but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against. high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have growl and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones？

Development should be planned .not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. there is no doubt of the alternative - the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal Spain or Ireland avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite left and right of the political spectrum.

26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside

A.didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.

B.has brought much benefit to the NHS.

C.is fully backed by the royal family.

D.is not well reflected in politics.

According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA.gradually destroyed.

B.effectively reinforced..

C.properly protected.

D.largely overshadowed.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3？A.Labour is under attack for opposing development

B.The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.

C.The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

D.Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

The author holds that George Osborne’s preferenceA.reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.

B.shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.

C.stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.

D.highlights his firm stand i against lobby Pressure.

In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation ofA.the size of population in Britain.

B.the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.

C.the town-and-country planning in Britain.

D.the political life in today’s Britain.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第4题

No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2,000 of

them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However, the Post and the Times are net national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or LeMonde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or cite news.

Like the press .in most other countries, American newspapers range from the "sensational", which feature crime, sex and rumor, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with television.

Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. (80)A few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture.

As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War.

There are fewer national newspapers in ______

A．Britain than in the USA

B．France than in Britain

C．the USA than in Britain or France

D．France than in the USA or Britain

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第5题

American Dreams There is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a

American Dreams

There is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche(陈词滥调).

In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.(46) No class system or govemment stands in the way.

Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.

The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.(47)

Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.(48)

Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.(49) This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world.

Yet the tax burden on America’s rich is falling,not growing.(50) There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.

A.Nobody is poor in the US.

B.The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.

C.For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.

D.Now it is 9.8 times.

E.As it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.

F.All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.

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第6题

2 Good Sports Limited is an independent sports goods retailer owned and operated by two pa

rtners, Alan and Bob. The

sports retailing business in the UK has undergone a major change over the past ten years. First of all the supply side

has been transformed by the emergence of a few global manufacturers of the core sports products, such as training

shoes and football shirts. This consolidation has made them increasingly unwilling to provide good service to the

independent sportswear retailers too small to buy in sufficiently large quantities. These independent retailers can stock

popular global brands, but have to order using the Internet and have no opportunity to meet the manufacturer’s sales

representatives. Secondly, UK’s sportswear retailing has undergone significant structural change with the rapid growth

of a small number of national retail chains with the buying power to offset the power of the global manufacturers.

These retail chains stock a limited range of high volume branded products and charge low prices the independent

retailer cannot hope to match.

Good Sports has survived by becoming a specialist niche retailer catering for less popular sports such as cricket,

hockey and rugby. They are able to offer the specialist advice and stock the goods that their customers want.

Increasingly since 2000 Good Sports has become aware of the growing impact of e-business in general and e-retailing

in particular. They employed a specialist website designer and created an online purchasing facility for their

customers. The results were less than impressive, with the Internet search engines not picking up the company

website. The seasonal nature of Good Sports’ business, together with the variations in sizes and colours needed to

meet an individual customer’s needs, meant that the sales volumes were insufficient to justify the costs of running

the site.

Bob, however, is convinced that developing an e-business strategy suited to the needs of the independent sports

retailer such as Good Sports will be key to business survival. He has been encouraged by the growing interest of

customers in other countries to the service and product range they offer. He is also aware of the need to integrate an

e-business strategy with their current marketing, which to date has been limited to the sponsorship of local sports

teams and advertisements taken in specialist sports magazines. Above all, he wants to avoid head-on competition

with the national retailers and their emphasis on popular branded sportswear sold at retail prices that are below the

cost price at which Good Sports can buy the goods.

Required:

(a) Provide the partners with a short report on the advantages and disadvantages to Good Sports of developing

an e-business strategy and the processes most likely to be affected by such a strategy. (12 marks)

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第7题

The author implies in the passage that ______.A．the sense of trust can grow independent of

The author implies in the passage that ______.

A．the sense of trust can grow independent of other manifestations of growth

B．infants can develop sense of trust just as they learn to recognize people and objects

C．children who are usually satisfied can easily build the sense of trust than neglected ones

D．sense of trust can be developed since one baby is born

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第8题

5 You are an audit manager in Fox & Steeple, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants, responsible for allocating staff

to the following three audits of financial statements for the year ending 31 December 2006:

(a) Blythe Co is a new audit client. This private company is a local manufacturer and distributor of sportswear. The

company’s finance director, Peter, sees little value in the audit and put it out to tender last year as a cost-cutting

exercise. In accordance with the requirements of the invitation to tender your firm indicated that there would not

be an interim audit.

(b) Huggins Co, a long-standing client, operates a national supermarket chain. Your firm provided Huggins Co with

corporate financial advice on obtaining a listing on a recognised stock exchange in 2005. Senior management

expects a thorough examination of the company’s computerised systems, and are also seeking assurance that

the annual report will not attract adverse criticism.

(c) Gray Co has been an audit client since 1999 after your firm advised management on a successful buyout. Gray

provides communication services and software solutions. Your firm provides Gray with technical advice on

financial reporting and tax services. Most recently you have been asked to conduct due diligence reviews on

potential acquisitions.

Required:

For these assignments, compare and contrast:

(i) the threats to independence;

(ii) the other professional and practical matters that arise; and

(iii) the implications for allocating staff.

(15 marks)

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第9题

高净值客户资产安排（）

A.慈善基金会（5%VS70%）

B.人寿保险

C.保险金信托

D.家族信托

E.大额存单

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第10题

18 of the EU members have replaced their national currencies by Euro notes and coins ______ 2002.

A、at

B、for

C、since

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