Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations(even temporary ones), people would have more anger and less cooperation; In more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. Some researchers, who study various aspects of effect of noise in people's mental life, maintain that noise, either temporary noise or permanent noise, often destroy creativity and activity by disturbing people's emotion and make them more easily annoyed and hard to cooperate. However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels(分贝). "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise(that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.According to the passage, people （） .

第1题

A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper（给...换尿布) their firstborn son

A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper(给...换尿布) their firstborn son. "You don't have to be so unhappy about it," she protested. "You can talk to him and smile a little." The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, "He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him."

Psychologists now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers accepted the truth. Most thought(and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.

Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment—including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.

Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn't. He shuts out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.

When a mere nine minutes old, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery-room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he's twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.

The author points out that the father diapering his firstborn son was wrong because ______.

A．he thought the baby didn't have the power of speech

B．he believed the baby was not able to hear him

C．he was a psychologist unworthy of his profession

D．he thought the baby was not capable of any response

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第2题

Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she fi

rst began college. She said, “I was always well-prepared for my examination. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly—even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.

These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.

Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to, manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.

Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved great! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”

For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.

11. What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto？

A. Students from the same university. B. Failing in all the examinations.

C. Experiences of test anxiety. D. Having the same poor studying habits.

12. These are signs of test anxiety EXCEPT________.

A. worries about a test. B. stressed about a test.

C. low grades and poor study habits. D. nervousness during the test

13. What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses？

A. To help students to reduce test anxiety.

B. To show a stress level experienced by students.

C. To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.

D. To have a better understanding of test anxiety.

14. What’s the meaning of “blank out” in paragraph 1？

A. To be like a blanket. B. To be sure of an answer.

C. To be relaxed. D. To be unable to think clearly.

15. What’s the organization of passage？

A. Examples — theories — ideas.

B. Problem — strategy — result.

C. General statement — examples — result.

D. Strategy — experiment — examples.

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第3题

The possibility of moving toward ______ patients and the responsibilities that it implies

undoubtedly will change psychologists' future role.

A．meditating

B．medicating

C．mediating

D．mediatizing

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第4题

What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends？A．Friends should open

What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends？

A．Friends should open their hearts to each other.

B．Friends should always be faithful to each other.

C．There should be a distance even between friends.

D．There should be fewer disputes between friends.

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第5题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Researchers used to believe that a sense of real caring about others came as people grow into adulthood. But now studies are finding that children can show signs of empathy and concern from a very early age.

According to a study by psychologists E. Gil Clary, Ph.D. and Jude Miller, Ph.D., there are two kinds of parental role modelling that help teach children to be caring: kindness to others, and kindness to the child. In other words, actions speak louder than words. If you are consistently caring and compassionate, it's mom likely that your children will be too. Children watch their parents and other adults for clues on how to behave. Keep in mind that if you say one thing and do another, your children will pay a lot more attention to what you do. The old warning "Do as I say, not as I do" simply does not work particularly when it comes to teaching about being caring.

Not everyone has time to devote to volunteer work or money to donate to causes, but there are small acts of care that can be part of your family's life. These acts don't have to be grandiose. Doing a favour for a neighbour, taking a stray animal to a shelter, giving money and a kind word to a homeless person, helping out when a group of teenagers are cruelly teasing a classmate; there are all kinds of small acts of compassion that your children can watch you do, and even take part in themselves.

Try to surround your children with other people who are kind and caring, so that they have several role models. Another thing you can do is try to find organized ways for your children to get involved. Let them know about places in the community where they can volunteer, and encourage them to join. Many volunteer organizations and churches have special programmes for young people and even for children.

In this passage, the sentence "actions speak louder than words" means ______.

A．what you do is more important than what you say

B．what you say is more important than what you do

C．what you say influences your children more than what you do

D．what you do influences your children more than what you say

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第6题

Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are

interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They want to know why people do the thing that they do. They also test intelligence.

Psychologists deal with the mind and behavior. of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts and ideas. It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum. Your behavior. is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior. include shouting, crying, laughing and sleeping.

Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Whihelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studies their reflexes(反射)and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud, stated his theory that people try to repress (control, hide) memories or thoughts that they believe were not good.

Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists who deal with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people.

This passage is mainly about ______.

A．studying the mind

B．memories and people

C．famous psychologists

D．the study of mental illness

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第7题

The experiments demonstrate that__________ ．A.nearly every individual will behave differen

The experiments demonstrate that__________ ．

A.nearly every individual will behave differently from others

B.group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists

C.psychologists wish to change the people’s judgments and opinions

D.people will change their ideas under group pressure

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第8题

According to the passage, Sigmund Freud stated that ______.A．Pavlov's experiments with dog

According to the passage, Sigmund Freud stated that ______.

A．Pavlov's experiments with dogs were successful

B．people make an effort to hold back unhappy memories

C．psychiatrists should work closely with psychologists

D．people should learn something about psychology

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第9题

根据下列文章，回答26～30题。For the past several years， the Sunday newspaper supplement Parad

e has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant， who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old； that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies， to envision paper after it has been folded and cut， and to deduce numerical sequences， among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100） as， What's the difference between love and fondness？ Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？ It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

Clearly， intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it means to be smart？ How much of intelligence can be specified， and how much can we learn about it from neurology， genetics， computer science and other fields？

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score， even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms： the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （both come in adult and children's version）。 Generally costing several hundred dollars， they are usually given only by psychologists， although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible， because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age pecks， rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests， such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT） and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE）， capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life， argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing？”。 Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge， components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover， IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership sills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions， but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters， whether it‘s knowing when to guess or what questions of skip.

第26题：Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？

A．Answering philosophical questions.

B．Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

C．Telling the differences between certain concepts.

D．Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

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第10题

If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, they

will cause a big problem. According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. Generally, the child will be only too aware of what the parent expects, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children. However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a reasonable way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive of their child. Michael Lee Chao Tin is very lucky. He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him. They even drive him 50 kilometers a week for violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, Michael’s father is a good trumpet player. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling. Michael’s friend, Winston Chiu Fang Weng, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. “When I was your age, I used to win every competition I entered,” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy.

61.Which of the following mistakes are parents likely to make according to the passage？

A.To neglect their child’s education.

B.To help their child to be a genius.

C.To expect too much of their child.

D.To make their child become a musician.

62.What should parents do in order to help their children succeed？A.They should push the children into achieving a lot.

B.They should try to have their own successful careers.

C.They should arrange private lessons for their children.

D.They should understand and help their children in difficult times.

63.Which of the following statements about Michael Lee’s parents is true？

A.His father is a very poor player of trumpet.

B.His parents are quite rich and have a car.

C.His parents help him in a proper way.

D.His mother knows much about music.

64.Winston’s parents push their son so much that __________.

A.he has succeeded in a lot of competitions

B.he is unhappy because he is not self-confident

C.he feels he cannot learn anything about music from them

D.he has already become a better musician than his father

65.The two examples illustrate the principle that __________.

A.successful parents often have unsuccessful children

B.it is important to let children develop in the way they want

C.parents who want their child to be musical should also be good musicians

D.the more money spent on a child’s education, the better the child will do

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