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[主观题]

Physicists were thinking far ahead of their time in a very intelligent way．They saw what w

as going to happen before it actually did．They thought about modern computing in the 1950s，they imagined a lot of the technological progress that we would see only decades later in the real world．They were asking very theoretical questions because these ideas were still so far removed from practice．And they asked very moral questions as well，because the things they conceptualized could be used for great good or for great evil．It could go either way，so moral judgments had to be made．

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发布时间：2020-09-17

更多“Physicists were thinking far ahead of their time in a very intelligent way．They saw what w”相关的问题

第1题

To get a sense of how women have progressed in science take a quick tour of the physics department at the University ofCalifornia,Berkeley.This is a storied place the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science-starting withErnest Lawrence' s invention of the cvclotron(回旋加速器)in 1931.

A、 generation ago female faces were 37 and,even today,visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will See a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of there white malesBut climb up to the third floor and you' II see a 40 display.There,among the photos of current facnlty members and students are portraits of the 41 head of the department,Marjorie Shapiro and four other women whose reseaich 42 everything from the mecheanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter.

A、sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago.Although they' re Still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty,women are clearly a presence here.And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right graduate and undergraduate students about 20 percent of them female.Every yearsBerkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country' S top universities.That makes Shapiro optimistic but also 44 "I believe things are getting bette "she says "but they' re not getting better as 45as i would like."

A.circumstance

B.confidence

C.covers

D.current

E.deals

F.different

G.exposing

H.fastl

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第2题

The making of glass is a very old industry--at least 4,500 years old. Glass has many extra

ordinary qualities and it is frequently being used in new ways.

One of the most interesting new uses for glass is in telephone communication. Scientists have developed glass fibers as thin as human hair, which are designed to can-y light signals. When the light reaches the other end, it is first changed into electrical signals, which are in turn converted into sound messages.

Called light wave communication, the new system was used successfully in an experiment in Chicago in 1997. During the experiment, two glass fibers were able to carry 672 conversations at the same time. The lightwave cable, containing 144 glass fibers, has the capacity to carry 50,000 conversations at the same time.

The lightwave communication system has two important advantages. First, the glass fiber cables are smaller and weigh less than copper. Second, they cost less.

Perhaps it can be said that telephone communication has entered the age of light.

One of the extraordinary qualities of glass is that it can carry ______.

A．sound signals

B．light signals

C．electrical signals

D．any signals

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第3题

To get a sense of how women have progressed in science, take a quick tour of the physics

department at the University of California, Berkeley. This is a storied place, the 36 of some of the most important discoveries in modern science—starting with Ernest Lawrence’s invention of the cyclotron (回旋加速器) in 1931. A generation ago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all of them white males.

But climb up to the third floor and you’ll see a 40 display. There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro, and four other women whose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to the smallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago. Although they’re still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women are clearly a presence here. And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right: graduate and undergraduate students, about 20 percent of them female. Every year Berkeley sends its fresh female physics PhDs to the country’s top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44 . “I believe things are getting better,” she says, “but they’re not getting better as 45 as I would like.”

A) circumstance

B) confidence

C) covers

D) current

E) deals

F) different

G) exposing

H) fast

I) honoring

J) hope

K) presently

L) rare

M) realistic

N) site

O) virtually

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第4题

When the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-think

ing people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of the world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.

Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times never come, they are stuck with that energy, stored around their expanding bellies.

Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modernday Malthusians, who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quiet lately. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world's population increased by 1.6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a

host of interesting policy dilemmas.

As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associate with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse. But it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war; the principal risk factor in diabetes; heavily implicated in cancer and other diseases. Since the World Health Organisation labelled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.

Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco？ Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming (see survey) and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.

The author write this passage mainly to ______.

A．bring up some warnings.

B．tell the reader some new facts.

C．discuss a solution to a problem.

D．persuade the reader to keep fit.

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第5题

？？？？A？？

Eating disorders(混乱) is very common now.“When I first wrote about this,the problem was pretty much hidden… I didn&39;t expect ii to get:as bad as it is,”Susie Orbach,all intemational authority(权威) on eating disorders,said.

Orbach must at times think the anti-diet message of her book“Fat is a Feminist(女权主义的) Issue(问题)”has been lost since it was written more than 20 years ago.

Girls,boys,old people-even the famously well-rounded female(女性) population of Fiji is failing victim(牺牲品) to fat fears.“If anything the situation has got much,much worse.We now have kids as young aseight and women in old people&39;s homes worried about the way they look,” Orbach said.

Even though it has been proved that repeated dieting results in a little more than regaining most of the lost weight,constant dieting(节食) has become a way of life for many women 48 percent of British women aged 25 to 35 were on some kind of diet and that 20 percent of young wonen dieted all or most of time.Some of them said they would pop a pill to give them their beautiful shape.even if it meant risking their health.

Worldwide,70 million people have an eating disorder.Most are women,but men are increasingly affected,too.

More than half the women and two-thirds of the men in Britain weigh too much,while in the United States more than one quarter of adults and about one in five children are overweight.The idea that female beauty is a very thin body could be changed,if clothing factories and magazines showed images(形象) of women of an shapes instead of selecting skeletal-like models and stick thin actresses.But that is easier said than done.

To get her message across.Orbach is also considering talking to pop stars such as Victoria Beckham and Geri Halliwell,both of whom have admitted(承认) having suffered from eating disorders.

？？According to Susie Orbach，________．？？

？？A.nobody had suffered from eating disorders 20 years before

B.eating disorders had become much commoner than before

C.eating disorders shouldn’t have become so common as it was

D.Victoria Beckham and Geri Halliwell hadn’t suffered from eating disorders

Why did people fear being fat？Because________．A.fat was a feminist issue

B.girls，boys，old people were falling victim of fat fear

C.even the famously well-rounded women of Fiji were falling victim of fat fear

D.they worried about the way they looked

Even if repeated dieting results in more than regaining most of the lost weight，in Britain________．A.forty-eight per cent of old women were on some kind of diet

B.women aged twenty-five to thirty-five dieted all 6r most of time

C.twenty per cent of young women dieted all or most of time

D.all the people were risking their health to get their beautiful shape

Which of the following is NOT true？A.Seventy million people have an eating disorder in the world．

B.More than 1／2 0f the women and 2／3 0f the men in Britain have weight problem．

C.More than 1／4 0f adults and 1／5 0f children in USA weigh too much．

D.Clothing factories and magazines showed images of women of all shape．

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第6题

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects.Co

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects.

Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers' money.

Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.

On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer's real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance maybe sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.

Each consumer must evaluate her or his orca situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it？ Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.

Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by______.

A．stressing their high quality

B．convincing him of their low price

C．maintaining a balance between quality and price

D．appealing to his buying motives

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第7题

Section BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversation

Section B

Directions: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2 recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should choose the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D.

听力原文： Finding enough meat was a problem for primitive man Keeping it when it was scarce was just as hard, Three ways were found to keep meat from spoiling: salting, drying, and freezing.

People near salty waters salted their meat. At first, they probably rubbed dry salt on it. but this preserved only the outside. Later they may have pickled their meat by soaking it in salt water.

In hot, dry lands, men found that they could eat meat that had dried while it was still on the bones. They later learned to cat meat into thin stops and hang it up to dry in the hot air

Men in cold climates found that frozen meat did not spoil. They could leave their meat outside and eat it when they pleased.

6. How many methods are mere mentioned in the article to preserve the meat？

(6)

A．One.

B．Two.

C．Three.

D．Four.

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第8题

回答下列各题 D Hobbs was an orphan．He worked in a fact&y a

nd every day he got a little money．Hard work changed him thin and weak．He wanted to borrow a lot of money to learn painting pietures，but he did not think he could pay off the debts． One day the lawyer said to him，“One thousand dollars，and here is the money．”As Hobbs took the package of noted，he was very dumbfounded．He didn’t know where the money canle from and how to spend it．He said to himself,“I could go to find a hotel and live like a rich man for a few days：or I give up my work in the factory and do what Id like to d0：painting pictures．I could do that for a few weeks．but what would I do after that？I should have lost my place of the factory and have no money to live on．If it were a little less money．I would buy a new coat，or a radi0，or give a dinner to my friends．If it were more，I could give up the work and Pay for painting pictures．But it’s too much for one and too little for the other．” “Here is the reading of your uncle’s will”，said the lawyer，“telling what is to be done with this money after his death．I must ask you to remember one point．Your uncle has said you must bring me a paper showing exactly what you did with his money，as soon as you have spent it．”“Yes．I see．Ill do that．”said the young man． He wanted to borrow money because he wanted to__________．

A.study abroad

B.work abroad

C.pay for the debts

D.1earn to paint pictures

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第9题

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and

so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy--one plate, one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serius problems of intellectual adjustment.

Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped--or, as the case might be bumped into- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers--the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threenes that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table--is itself far from innate.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．Trends in teaching mathematics to children.

B．The use of mathematics in child psychology.

C．The development of mathematical ability in children.

D．The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn.

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第10题

Future generations of physicists may look at the______of their former ideas and see in it, not the relics of some extinct creature, but a crude, early, yet wholly version of their more modern theories.

A.mockery… distinct

B.armature… laughable

C.specter … congruous

D.skeleton… recognizable

E.treatment… suspect

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