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Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemne

d or made illegal. But one insidious form. continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.

It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.

Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world’s five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).

Can this merely be coincidence？ One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.

第46题：What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodiac cars？

A A kind of overlooked inequality.

B A type of conspicuous bias.

C A type of personal prejudice.

D A kind of brand discrimination.

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发布时间：2020-09-17
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更多“Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemne”相关的问题

第1题

For the past two years, I have been working on students' evaluation of classroom teaching.
I have kept a record of informal conversations【56】some 300 students from at【57】twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally【58】and direct in their comments【59】how course work could be better【60】Most of their remarks were kindly【61】—with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the【62】that the students were speaking【63】some, not all instructors. Nevertheless,【64】the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel【65】with things as they are in the classroom.

Professors should be【66】from reading lecture notes. " It makes their【67】monotonous

If they are going to read, why not【68】out copies of the lecture？ Then we【69】need to go to class. Professors should【70】repeating lectures material that is in the textbook.【71】we've read the material, we want to【72】it or hear it elaborated on,【73】repeated. "A lot of students hate to buy a【74】text that the professor has written【75】to have his lectures repeat it.

(56)

A．involving

B．counting

C．covering

D．figuring

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第2题

For the past two years, I have been working on students' evaluation of classroom teaching.
I have kept a record of informal conversations【C1】______some 300 students from at【C2】______twenty-one colleges and universities.

The students were generally【C3】______and direct in their comments【C4】______how course work could be better【C5】______. Most of their remarks were kindly【C6】______—with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the【C7】______that the students were speaking【C8】______some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless,【C9】______the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel【C10】______with things as they are in the classroom. Professors should be【C11】______from reading lecture notes. "It makes their【C12】______monotonous (单调的)." If they are going to read, why not【C13】______out copies of the lecture？ Then we【C14】______need to go to class. Professors should【C15】______repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook."【C16】______we've read the material, we want to【C17】______it or hear it elaborated on,【C18】______repeated." "A lot of students hate to buy a【C19】______text that the professor has written【C20】______to have his lectures repeat it."

【C1】

A．involving

B．counting

C．covering

D．figuring

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第3题

？Read the text below about death by overwork in Japan. ？In most of the lines 34-45 there i

？Read the text below about death by overwork in Japan.

？In most of the lines 34-45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.

？If a line is correct, write CORRECT.

？If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS.

34. death in the 1980s in Japan, where long working hours are the norm there.

35. Official figures say it that the Japanese work about 1780 hours a year,

36. slightly less than Americans (1800 hours a year),though more than Germans

37. (1440). But the statistics are misleading because of they do not count 'free overtime'

38. (work that an employee is obliged to perform. but not paid for). It is being estimated

39. that one in three men who aged 30 to 40 works over 60 hours a week. Factory

40. workers arrive early and stay late, without an extra pay. Training at weekends may be

41. uncompensated. During the past 20 years of economic inactivity, many companies

42. have been replaced full-time workers with part-time ones. Regular staff who remain

43. are benefit from lifetime employment but feel obliged to work extra hours lest

44. their positions will be made temporary. Cultural factors reinforce these trends.

45. Hard work is respected as the cornerstone of Japan's post-war economic miracle.

The value of self-sacrifice puts the benefit of the group above that of the individual.

(34)

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第4题

Part ADirections :Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' ch

Part A

Directions :

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by' choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on，ANSWER SHEET1.

Text 1

Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year-old journalist, and her friends, professionals in their 30s and early 40s, meet at a London cafe, their favorite topic of conversation is relationships: men's reluctance to commit, women's independence, and when to have children-or, increasing-Iy， whether to have them at all. "With the years passing my chances of having a child go down, but I won't marry anyone just to have a child," says Brown. To people like Brown, babies are great-if the timing is right. But they're certainly not essential.

In much of the world, having kids is no longer a given. "Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies," says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics. Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s, or even 40s and beyond.

A growing share are ending up with no children at all. Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women, and is rapidly rising among lower-classmen. In Britain, the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years.

The latest trend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns. For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless. But in the past，childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster, of missing men in times of war. Today the decision to have-or not have-a child is the result of a complex combination of factors, including relationships, career opportunities, lifestyle. and economics.

In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form. of protest. In Japan, support for working mothers hardly exists. Child care is expensive, men don't help out, and some companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work. "In Japan, it's career or child，"says writer Kaori Haishi . It's not just women who are deciding against children; according to a re-cent study, Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child. Their motivations, though, may have more to do with economic factors.

46. Catherine Brown and her friends feel that having children is not _________

[ A] totally wise

[ B] a huge problem

[ C] a rational choice

[ D ] absolutely necessary

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第5题

Text 4All but the tiniest of roads have to have names so they can be recognized on a map,

Text 4

All but the tiniest of roads have to have names so they can be recognized on a map, and so people can ask directions to them. Americans name a lot of bridges, too.

Very often these names carry a clear geographical reference the Pennsylvania Turnpike, for example. Or,like the George Washington Bridge, roads and bridges are named for famous historical figures or powerful officers. We make a big deal out of naming things, as when someone decided to name an airport after a U. S. judge.

So now we have the Baltimore Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport. Many,if not most, of our college buildings are named for wealthy people who gave a lot of money to the schools. And our sports centers took this idea a step further. Companies paid a whole lot of money for what′s called the "naming rights" to U. S. Cellular Field in Chicago, for example, and Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia.

Now the governor(州长) of Virginia, Bob McDonnell,wants to sell naming rights to roads and bridges in the state. He says not just companies, but also wealthy people, would help the Virginia transportation budget(预算) by paying to have their names--or perhaps those of loved ones--placed on roads and bridges, and thus on maps as well. People hold different views, however. Supporters say Americans are used to having things sponsored(赞助). Others disagree, considering the idea as the next step in the "companies of America. " They wonder how far such an idea might spread, and where it would end:at the Burger King Pacific Ocean, perhaps.

Most of the roads need to have names so that____.

A.they can remind people of the past

B.people can learn about them better

C.they can be easily recognized on mapss

D.people can enjoy naming them

Who are many college buildings named for according to the passage？A.Powerful officers.

B.Famous judges.

C.Historical figures.

D.Wealthy peopl

What can we learn from the last paragraph？A.People have different ideas toward naming things.

B.Americans have sponsored naming a lot.

C.Everything is named by an American company.

D.Pacific Ocean will be rename

Why does the governor of Virginia want to sell naming rights？A.To remember the loved names.

B.To make the state well-known.

C.To help the transportation budget.

D.To increase companies' sales.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第6题

When her grandmother's health began to get worse in the fall, Mary would make the drive fr
om Washington, DC to Winchester, Virginia, every few days. To make the trip to the hospital, Mary had to get on highway 81. It was here that she discovered a surprising bit of beauty during one of her trips. Along the middle of the highway, there were a long stretch of wild flowers. They were beautiful and almost poetic（诗意的）in appearance. The first time she saw the flowers, Mary was seized by an urge（冲动）to pull over. She then stopped her car and picked a bunch from the soil. She carried them into her grandmother's room when she arrived at the hospital and placed them in a glass by her bed. For a moment her grandmother seemed better than usual. She thanked Mary for the flowers, commented on their beauty and asked where she had gotten them. Mary was filled with joy because of the flowers' seeming ability to wake something up inside her sick grandmother. Afterwards, Mary would pick a bunch of flowers on her way to visit grandma. Each time Mary placed the flowers in the glass, her grandmother's eyes would light up, and they would have a splendid conversation. One morning in late October, Mary got a call that her grandmother had taken a turn for the worse. Mary was in such a hurry to get to her grandmother that she drove past her flower spot. She decided to turn around. She headed several miles back and got a bunch. Mary arrived at the hospital to find her grandmother very weak and unresponsive（无应答的）.She placed the flowers in the glass and sat down to hold her grandmother's hand. She felt a press on her fingers. It was the last conversation they had. Mary drove from Washington, DC to Winchester, Virginia to _____.A.see her doctor

B.pick some flowers

C.go on a business trip

D.see her sick grandma

The first time Mary carried the flowers to the hospital, she _____.A.handed them to her grandma

B.placed them on the bed

C.put them in a glass

D.left them on the table

Which of the following can be the best title from this text？A.The Planting of Flowers

B.The Power of Flowers

C.The Discovery of Flowers

D.The Beauty of Flowers

One morning, when she drove past the flower spot, Mary decided to _____.A.turn back for the flowers

B.bring no flowers with her

C.buy some flowers instead

D.head for another flower spot

When Mary's grandma saw the flowers, she asked Mary _____.A.where they were from

B.what flowers they were

C.to get her more next time

D.to send them to the doctor

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第7题

The first thing to notice is that the media we're all familiar with—from books to televisi
on--are one-way propositions: they push their content at us. The Web is two-way, push and pull. In finer point, it combines the one-way reach of broadcast with the two-way reciprocity (互惠) of a mid-cast. Indeed, its user can at once be a receiver and sender of broadcast—a confusing property, but mindstretching!

A second aspect of the Web is that it is the first medium that honors the notion of multiple intelligences. This past century's concept of literacy grew out of our intense belief in text, a focus enhanced by the power of one particular technology-the typewriter. It became a great tool for writers but a terrible one for other creative activities such as sketching, painting, notating music, or even mathematics. The typewriter prized one particular kind of intelligence, but with the Web, we suddenly have a medium that honors multiple forms of intelligence—abstract, textual, visual, musical, social, and kinesthetic. As educators, we now have a chance to construct a medium that enables all young people to become engaged in their ideal way of learning. The Web affords the match we need between a medium and how a particular person learns.

A third and unusual aspect of the Web is that it leverages (起杠杆作用) the small efforts of the many with the large efforts of the few. For example, researchers in the Maricopa County Community College system in Phoenix have found a way to link a set of senior citizens with pupils in the Longview Elementary School, as helper-mentors (顾问). It's wonderful to sec-kids listen to these grandparents better than they do to their own parents, the mentoring really helps their teachers, and the seniors create a sense of meaning for themselves. Thus, the small efforts of the man—the seniors—complement the large efforts of the few—the teachers. The same thing can be found in operation at Hewlett-Packard, where engineers use the Web to help kids with science or math problems. Both of these examples barely scratch the surface as we think about what's possible when we start interlacing resources with needs across a whole region.

What does the word mind-stretching imply？

A．Obtaining one's mental power.

B．Strengthening one's power of thought.

C．Making great demands on one's mental power.

D．Exerting one's mental power as far as possible.

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第8题

？？？？B

“Are you crazy？” people around him shouted as Alex Bien, a 33-year-old immigrant(移民), ran toward three cars in a chain accident along the highway in Miami, which were burning down. Alex didn’t think twice.

The article “Against the Flames” reported how he put out the fire on a car and pulled a couple out of another. But when here turned to his own car, steam was coming out from it. It was damaged beyond repair.

Back in his tiny flat, alone and with little money, Alex didn’t know what to do. He was already working, going to college and supporting his wife, Aline, and children back in Haiti. He worried about his wife’s health； doctors thought she had cancer(癌症). Every cent was important to him. And now this.

With in weeks of reading the article, readers sent hundreds of letters offering jobs, money and best wishes. One delivered a car-used, but in fine condition. Others helped Aline come to Miami, where a medical team found out it was not cancer.

Readers also wrote to U.S. government officials to support the immigration of Alex’s family to Miami. Consul General Roger Daley even invited Alex to discuss the matter. Aline, to get her with their children, joined Alexin Miami this past March. Alex says, “I would like to say a beautiful thanks to the readers. There are good people every where in this world.”

Why did people say that Alex was crazy？？？？？

A.He had an accident

B.He made a fire on the highway

C.He burned his car

D.He ran toward the burning cars

What do we know about Alex from the text？A.He and his wife worked in the U.S.

B.He was a full-time student in Haiti

C.He was an immigrant with little money

D.He wrote the article “Against the Flames”

What did Roger Daley invite Alex to discuss？A.Alex’s new job as a news reporter

B.The medical treatment of Alex’s wife

C.Alex’s further studies at a U.S.university

D.The immigration of Alex’s family to the U.S.

What made Alex say “There are good people everywhere in this world”？A.Some strangers repaired his car free of charge

B.Some people supported his children’s education

C.Many readers of the article tried to help him out

D.His friends sent doctors to treat his wife in Haiti

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第9题

Text 4There have been rumors. There’s been gossip. All Hollywood is shocked to learn that
Calista Flockhart, star of Fox’s hit TV show Ally McBeal, is so thin. And we in the media are falling all over ourselves trying to figure out whether Flockhart has an eating disorder, especially now that she has denied it. Well, I’m not playing the game. If the entertainment industry really cared about sending the wrong message on body image, it wouldn’t need so many slender celebrities in the first place.

But the fact remains that 2 million Americans—most of them women and girls—do suffer from eating disorders. In the most extreme cases they literally starve themselves to death. And those who survive are at greater risk of developing brittle bones, life-threatening infections, kidney damage and heart problems. Fortunately, doctors have learned a lot over the past decade about what causes eating disorders and how to treat them.

The numbers are shocking. Approximately 1 in 150 teenage girls in the U. S. falls victim to anorexia nervosa, broadly defined as the refusal to eat enough to maintain even a minimal body weight. Not so clear is how many more suffer from bulimia, in which they binge on food, eating perhaps two or three days’ worth of meals in 30 minutes, then remove the excess by taking medicine to move the bowels or inducing vomiting. Nor does age necessarily protect you. Anorexia has been diagnosed in girls as young as eight. Most deaths from the condition occur in women over 45.

Doctors used to think eating disorders were purely psychological. Now they realize there’s some problematic biology as well. In a study published in the Archives of General Psychiatry recently, researchers found abnormal levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain, in women who had been free of bulimia for at least a year. That may help explain why drugs have allowed a lot of people to stop swallowing in large doses of food. Unfortunately, the pills don’t work as well for denial of food. Nor do they offer a simple one-stop cure. Health-care workers must re-educate their patients in how to eat and think about food.

How can you tell if someone you love has an eating disorder？ “Bulimics will often leave evidence around as if they want to get caught.” Says Tamara Pryor, director of an eating-disorders clinic at the University of Kansas in Wichita. Anorexics, by contrast, are more likely to go through long periods of denial.

第36题：We can infer from the first paragraph that _____.

［A］ the media has mislead the public’s view of celebrities

［B］ there is much misunderstanding about eating disorders

［C］ body image concerns are an indication of eating disorders

［D］ the entertainment industry is combating eating disorders

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