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The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was des

igned as a means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a "pump priming" device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during the early years the New Deal Era (1933 - 1937. By 1933, the number of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million people - about one-third of the nation - were without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form. of cash or food was provided these people. This made them recipients of government charity. In order to remove, this stigma and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stimulate production and revive business activity.The best way to explain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA. This agency set up work projects in various fields in which there were many unemployed. For example, unemployed actors were organized into theater projects, orchestras were organized for unemployed musicians, teaching projects for unemployed teachers, and even writers' projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to work building or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buildings. These were all temporary "work relief" projects rather than permanent work opportunities.More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration (PWA. This agency undertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post offices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their constructions. This created many jobs in the factories producing the material as well as in the projects themselves, and greatly reduced the number of unemployed.Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps. This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work in national parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires, building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federate government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business.

1.The PWA differed from the WPS in that ____.

A、the work projects of the former were carried out by the Federal Government

B、the government subsidized private industry

C、the number of unemployed was reduced

D、the former was government's first attempt to end hardship due to unemployment

2.One method of preventing or alleviating depression Not mentioned by the author is the use of ____.

A、the dole

B、the WPA

C、the CCC

D、job sharing

3.The author implies that ____.

A、individuals on relief do not receive enough money to meet basic needs

B、those who get direct financial aid from the government suffer a loss of human dignity

C、aid should be given in the form. of food subsidies

D、a program of "pump priming" is vital at all times

4.By using the expression "pump priming" as a description of public works projects, the author implies that it ____.

A、was pouring money down the drain

B、lowered human dignity

C、avoided direct charity

D、provided business with initial impetus which would make it self-sufficient

5.The passage mainly talks about ____.

A、the New Deal Era (1933 - 1937)

B、the WPA and the PWA

C、a pattern for the future

D、one-third of a nation

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更多“The idea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was des”相关的问题

第1题

W: What a wonderful night! Thank you for inviting me.M:________.A.It’s my pleasureB.It’s n

W: What a wonderful night! Thank you for inviting me.

M:________.

A.It’s my pleasure

B.It’s nothing

C.That’s agood idea

D.That’s right

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第2题

Public interest lawyers serve ______.A.only stores and landlordsB.criminals onlyC.people w

Public interest lawyers serve ______.

A.only stores and landlords

B.criminals only

C.people who can pay high fees

D.people who can pay little or nothing

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第3题

A.it'sfull B.Goodquestion C.Ibetthatwasfun D.Goodidea E.Iusedto F.fewercars G.Look

A. it's full

B. Good question

C. I bet that was fun

D. Good idea

E. I used to

F. fewer cars

G. Look

H. Hey

A: Why is there never a bus when you want one?

B: (56) . There aren't enough buses on this route.

A: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.

B: (57) . You should say that we need more subway lines, too.

A. Yeah. There should be more public transportation in general.

B: And (58) ! There's too much traffic.

A: (59) , is that our bus coming?

B: Yes, it is. But look, (60)

A: Oh, no! Let's go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I'm going to write.

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第4题

The idea of a special day to honor mothers was first put forward in America in 1907. Two y
ears later a woman, Mrs. John Bruce Dodd, in the state of Washington proposed a similar day to honor the head of the family—the father. Her mother died when she was very young, and her father brought her up. She loved her father very much.

In response to Mrs. Dodd's idea that same year—1909, the state governor of Washington proclaimed (宣布) the third Sunday in June is Father's Day. The idea was officially approved by President Woodrow Wilson in 1916. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge recommended national observance of the occasion " to establish more intimate (亲密的) relations between fathers and their children, and to impress upon fathers the full measure of their obligations. " The red or white rose is recognized as the official Father's Day flower.

Father's day took longer to establish on a national scale than Mother's Day, but as the idea gained popularity, tradesmen and manufacturers began to see the commercial possibilities. They encouraged sons and daughters to honor their fathers with small thank-you presents, such as a tie or a pair of socks, as well as by sending greeting cards.

During the Second World War, American servicemen stationed in Britain began to request Father's Day greeting cards to send home. This generated a response with British card publishers. Though at first the British public was slow to accept this rather artificial day, it's now well celebrated in Britain on the third Sunday in June in much the same way as in America.

Father's Day seems to be much less important an occasion than the Mother's Day. Not many of the children offer their fathers some presents. But the American fathers still think they are much better fated than the fathers of many other countries, who have not even a day for their sake in name only.

When did Father's Day officially begin to have national popularity?

A.1907.

B.1909.

C.1916

D.1924

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第5题

听力原文:M: You should have seen the line at the housing office. It took me an hour to mak
e my dormitory deposit for next year. Have you made yours yet?

W: No, I'm not sure I'm going to.

M: There's not much time left. The deadline's May 1. That is just two weeks from now. Are you short of cash.

W: No, I'm Okay.

M: You'd better hurry up if you want a dorm room next September. There aren't enough rooms for every one, and first-year students have priority.

W: Well, I've been thinking about living off campus.

M: Have you any idea how much that would cost? There is the rent, utilities, and you'd probably need a car.

W: I know it would be more expensive. I think I can handle it though. The dorm is just so noisy that I can't get anything done. Maybe my grades would be better if I had some peace and quiet in a place of my own.

M: You should study in the library the way I do. Think of the money you'd save.

W: I've got to think it over some more. There's still two weeks left in April.

(23)

A.When to move.

B.Where to live the following year.

C.How much time to spend at home.

D.Whose house to visit.

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第6题

When Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial (有争议的), citywide cell-phone ban(禁令)in public schools

When Bill de Blasio ran for New York City mayor last year, he promised to end a controversial (有争议的), citywide cell-phone ban(禁令)in public schools, which is not equally enforced in all schools. Now, under his leadership, the city is preparing to end the ban. It will be replaced by a policy that allows phones inside schools but tells students to keep them packed away during class.

Many schools have a rule about enforcing the ban that says, “If we don't see it, we don't know about it.” That means teachers are OK with students bringing in cell phones, as long as they stay out of sight and inside bags and pockets.

But at the 88 city schools with metal detectors, die ban has been strictly enforced. The detectors were installed to keep weapon out of schools,but the scanners(扫描器)can also detect cell phones. So students at these schools must leave their phones at home or pay someone to store it for them.

The ban was put into place in 2007 under mayor Michael Bloomberg. Ending the ban will also likely end an industry that has sprung up near dozens of the schools that enforce the ban. Workers in vans(厢式货车)that resemble food tracks store teens' cell phones and Other devices for a dollar a day,

Critics of the ban say cell phones are important safety devices for kids during an emergency. They also say that enforcement of the ban is uneven and discriminatory. Where the ban is enforced, it puts a disadvantage on students who can't afford to pay to store their phones.

Before putting an official end to the cell-phone ban, city education officials are working on creating a new policy. It will include rules about not using the phones during class or to cheat on tests.

1. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A. New York City will give financial aid to poor students.

B. New York City plans to restrict cell phone use in libraries.

C. New York City plans to install metal detectors in all public schools.

D. New York City will soon end a ban on cell phones in schools.

2. Students pay___________ a day to leave their cell phones in a van parked near their school.

A. a dollar

B. two dollars

C. five dollars

D. ten dollars

3. Metal detectors were installed in 88 city schools, mainly to keep ___________ out of schools.

A. cell phones

B. weapons

C. alcohol

D. drugs

4. The word discriminatory in Paragraph 5 probably means ___________.

A. necessary

B. tough

C. strict

D. unfair

5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. After the cell-phone ban is ended, students can use their phones during class.

B. The cell-phone ban is equally enforced in all public schools.

C. The cell-phone ban was put into place in 2008 under Mayor Bill de Blasio.

D. A phone-storage industry has appeared outside the 88 metal-detector campuses.

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第7题

Education begins with teachers. Yet teaching seems to be losing its appeal for many of the
best and brightest college students. In high school, many of the best students decide that they want to be teachers, but their relatives and friends soon convince them to change their minds. One student's mother kept reminding her of the relatively skimpy salaries teachers currently earn until the student changed to another major. Another student took computer science courses because his father thought that teachers were at the bottom of the social ladder. One said that none of her friends looked upon teaching as a worthwhile career, so she came to think of teaching as not noble enough and went into pharmacy instead. According to several recent reports on the shortcomings of American public schooling, teaching's lack of appeal for the brightest college students is one of the teaching profession's most worrisome problems.

Many articles on teaching, currently popular in newspapers, magazines, and professional education journals, concentrate on the negative aspects of teaching. The expression "teacher burnout" is commonly ascribed to thousands of thoughtful and dedicated teachers who are leaving the profession. Teacher burnout is caused by such problems as violence in the classroom, vandalism, inadequate salaries, involuntary transfers, interfering parents, oversized classes, and excessive paperwork. Even the best teachers cannot solve a child's problems, but many of them believe the public expects them to, and they give up teaching in despair.

Despite the more limited financial prospects, the deterioration of the American public's attitude toward teachers, and the problems caused by disruptive students, many of the best students conclude that they want to pursue careers in the classroom after all. The three students mentioned above discovered that they wanted personal fulfillment from their life's work more than they wanted material rewards. Each eventually chose to become a teacher. However, a growing body of evidence shows that such students are exceptions, rather than the rule, in America's more than 1,200 teacher-training programs. Many teacher-training schools are beginning to look at ways to recruit the kind of people who would be inclined toward the positive aspects of teaching. The teaching profession has to become more attractive to good students.

Prospective teachers will see increased emphasis by national teacher organizations, state certification agencies, and local districts on improving the status of the profession, as well as on improving teacher salaries. Continued efforts to eliminate jobs teachers do that are not teacher--such as policing the restrooms, hallways, and cafeterias--are important for upgrading the profession.

While teaching is not a wise career choice for all, teaching is a noble and rewarding profession for those who indeed seek personal fulfillment from their life's work. The first year of teaching is frequently the most frustrating year in a teacher's life. The experience of solving problems that deal with instruction, students, parents, administrators, and fellow teachers is of immeasurable value for future success.

The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.

A.teachers are indispensable to education

B.teaching is not a worthwhile career

C.teaching is losing its appeal for the best college students

D.teaching profession is looked down on by most parents

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第8题

The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.
But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.

Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?

Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place—a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.

The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government.

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these " single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.

12 , the approach would create a " walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe " neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community.

Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs. " Still, the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality.

The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

【B1】

A.swept

B.skipped

C.walked

D.ridden

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第9题

He has not the ______ idea of the problems involved.A.worstB.faintestC.mostD.weakest

He has not the ______ idea of the problems involved.

A.worst

B.faintest

C.most

D.weakest

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第10题

Scientists first______the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.A.competedB.conceivedC.cons

Scientists first______the idea of the atomic bomb in the 1930s.

A.competed

B.conceived

C.consumed

D.concealed

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第11题

A.point B.custom C.idea D.plan

A.point

B.custom

C.idea

D.plan

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