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In all cultures, women are generally seen _________to nature than men.
A． as close
B． closer
C． as closely
D． closely
答案
更多“In all cultures, women are generally seen_________to nature than men. A． as cl”相关的问题
第1题
［A］ all cultures encourage male aggression and noncompliance
［B］ boys are always involved in their parents’ fights
［C］ males are usually viewed as the models in self-control and strong will
［D］ boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls
第2题
"Culture consists of all shared products of human society" (Robertson, 1981 ). This means not only such material things as cities, organizations and schools, but also non-material things such as ideas, customs, family patterns, languages. Putting it simply, culture refers to the entire way of life of a society, "the ways of a people".
Language is a part of culture and plays a very important role in it. Some social scientists consider it the keystone of culture. Without language, the maintaining of culture would not be possible. On the other hand, language is influenced and shaped by culture, it reflects culture. In the broadest sense, language is the symbolic representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds, as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.
We should not go further into the relationship between language and culture. What needs to be stressed here is that the two interact, and that understanding of one requires understanding of the other.
Social scientists tell us that cultures differ from one another, that each culture is unique. As cultures are diverse, so languages are diverse. It is only natural then that with differences in cultures and differences in languages, difficulties often arise in communicating between cultures and across cultures. Understanding is not always easy.
Learning a foreign language well means more than merely mastering the pronunciation, gram mar, words and idioms. It means learning also to see the world . as native speakers of that language see it, learning the ways in which their language reflects the ideas, customs, and behaviors of their society, learning to understand their "language of the mind". Learning a language, in fact, is inseparable from learning its culture.
According to the first paragraph, the term "culture" refers to ______.
A．things like cities, organizations and schools
B．ideas, customs, family patterns, and languages
C．all things produced by human race
D．the total that constitute a society
第3题
In all these cultures, there is a practice of making noise. People made noise in ancient times to drive away the evil spirits (妖精) from their homes. Today making noise is more of a custom than a religious rim
In the United States, many people stay up until midnight on New Year's Eve to watch the clock pass from one year to the next. Friends often gather together at a party on New Year's Eve, and when the new year comes, all ring bells, blow' whistles, sing songs, and kiss each other. A favorite Scottish song which everyone sings together is Auld Lang Sync. The words tell of old friends and good times.
In all cultures, New Year's Day is a time when people think of new beginnings. They want to make the coming year better than the last one. Many people in the United States make New Year resolutions. These are specific promises that they make to improve their behavior, change their habits, and become better people. There are many jokes about how a person keeps his or her New Year resolutions.
In ancient times, the practice of making noise was meant ______.
A．to keep the evil spirits away
B．to have fun
C．to celebrate the coming of the new year
D．to keep to a custom
第4题
Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of cartons？
A．The author.
B．The manager.
C．A woman.
D．The author's mother.
第5题
Part B (10 points)
Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biological evolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the 1860s, British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution. Spencer argued that all worldly phenomena, including human societies, changed over time, advancing toward perfection. (41) ______
American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural evolution in the late 1800s. Morgan helped found modern anthropology—the scientific study of human societies, customs and beliefs—thus becoming one of the earliest anthropologists. In his work, he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies. (42) ______
In the early 1900s in North America, German-born American anthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known as historical particularism. Historical particularism, which emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures, gave new direction to anthropology. (43) ______
Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture. (44) ______
Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology, largely through the influence of many students of Boas. But a number of anthropologists in the early 1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism. Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few, especially gifted peoples that, according to diffusionists, then spread to other cultures. (45) ______
Also in the early 1900s, French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology. Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity. An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture became a major theme in European, and especially British, anthropology.
A. Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions, had a single origin and passed from society to society. This theory was known as diffusionism.
B. In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible, he became skilled in linguistics, the study of languages, and in physical anthropology, the study of human biology and anatomy.
C. He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest," in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies,
D. They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure, such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.
E. Thus, in his view, diverse aspects of culture, such as the structure of families, forms of marriage, categories of kinship, ownership of property, forms of government, technology, and systems of food production, all changed as societies evolved.
F. Supporters of the theory viewed culture as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.
G. For example, British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W. J. Perry incorrectly suggested, on the basis of inadequate information, that farming, pottery making, and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world. In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.
第7题
Given the inclination toward change, it is not surprising that tradition plays a limited role in the American culture. Those who try to uphold traditional pattern of living or thought may be seen as rigid or "old-fashioned". In a society where change is so rapid, it is not uncommon for every generation to experience a "generation gap". Sometimes parents struggle to understand the values of their children, even religious institutions have had to adapt to contemporary need of their followers. Folk singers in church services, women religious leaders, slang versions of the Bible, all reflect attempts made by traditional institutions to "keep up with the times".
High rates of change, particularly in urban areas, have contributed to a focus on the future rather than the past or present. Some Americans believe that the benefits of the future orientation are achievement and progress which enable them to have a high standard of living. Others believe that high blood pressure and stomach ulcers are the results of such a life style.
As individuals in a culture, we all have an intuitive understanding about how time is regulated, usually we do not think about the concept of time until we interact with others who have a different time orientation. Although individuals from any now cultures may view time similarly, we often sense that in another culture, life seems to proceed at either a slower or faster pace. Knowing how time is regulated, divided, and perceived can provide valuable insights into individuals and their culture.
The American orientation toward the future might be demonstrated by ______.
A．the presence of religious institutions
B．the preference for "old-fashioned" parents
C．the limited role of tradition
D．the presence of folk singers in church services
第9题
An owl(猫头鹰) is a bird. There are two basic types of owls: typical owls and barn owls. Owls live in almost every country of the world.
Owls are mostly nocturnal, meaning they are awake at night. Owls are predators——they hunt the food that they eat. Owls hunt for mice and other small mammals, insects, and even fish. Owls are well adapted for hunting. Their soft feathers make their flight nearly silent. They have very good hearing, which helps them to hunt well in the darkness. The sharp hooked beaks and claws of the owl make it very easy to tear apart prey quickly, although owls also eat some prey whole.
Owl eyes are unusual. Like most predators, both of the owl's eyes face front. The owl cannot move its eyes. Owls are far-sighted, which means they can see very well far away, but they can't see up close very well at all. Fortunately, their distant vision is what they use for hunting, and they can see far away even in low light.
Owl can turn their heads 180 degrees. This makes it look like they might be able to turn their heads all the way around, but 180 degrees is all the owl needs to see what's going on all around him.
(66) Perhaps because of the owl's mysterious appearance, especially its round eyes and flexible neck, there are a lot of myths and superstitions (迷信) about owls. Many cultures believe that owls are unusually wise. Because owls are nocturnal, some cultures associate owls with bad omens. However, owls probably do not interact with the fates of humans at all. In fact, some owl species may become extinct because of humans.
Which of the following is NOT true about owls？
A．Owls eat small animals.
B．Owls are able to fly silently.
C．Owls have very poor vision.
D．Owls have flexible necks.
第10题
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
W hat is the importance of the Afro American history to all Americans？ How could Afro Americans contribute anything to American history when they were just slaves and servants？ This is the image which many of us are taught when we go to school. This is the image many Afro Americans have of themselves also. The Afro Americans need to remake their real historical image so that it is known and accepted in its truthfulness by themselves and the rest of the world. Men and women of darker color are human beings entitled to respect and acceptance in history. When we think of famous scientists and inventors we immediately think of men such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Jonas E.Salk. This is because we associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race. But what about the Afro American inventors and scientists？ How many men during World War Ⅰ owe their lives to Garrett Morgan who invented the gas mask？ Garrett Morgan also invented the traffic light which saves numerous lives on our streets. Daniel Hale Williams was the first successful heart surgeon. Charles Drew saved hundreds of thousands of lives during World War II by his discovery of the ways and means of preserving blood plasma. Percy Julian has helped millions suffering from the excruciating pain of arthritis. These men and others should be as easily recognized as Bell, Edison and Salk.
America is made up of many different blends of cultures. These many cultures have come to enrich and diversify the American way of life. We should not think, because history has neglected to include the background of a particular culture, that these people have an inferior history. We should search for the truth and set the record straight against the slanders, the stereotyping and false images which have identified these people. We should understand each of the cultures and learn of their specific contribution to America's life story.
Only after we are taught the complete and accurate history of our great country and learn that the blending of cultures and backgrounds gives us ourstrength, can we go forward on the path to peace.
36. The function of the first paragraph is to ____.
A) present the main idea or the summary of the essay
B) present an introduction to the topic
C) provide background to the main theme
D) present many cultures have contributed to American history
37. Which of the following statements is true？
A) Graham Bell, T.Edison and J.E.Salk are not very important people.
B) Black people who contribute to society should have equal recognition with their white colleagues.
C) We should not associate famous people with the Anglo Saxon race only.
D) G.Morgan, D.H.Williams and Charles Drew were not Afro Americans.
38. Paragraph three tells us that ____.
A) we should oppose slander and stereotyping
B) the American way of life is richer because it is made up of many cultures
C) some cultures have been completely neglected
D) Afro Americans have an inferior history
39. The word “image” refers to ____.
A) picture B) portray C) impression D) similar
40. The main idea of the passage is ____.
A) There are many Afro Americans who are famous as scientists and inventors
B) Many Afro Americans have devoted to American history
C) Afro American experience to American history
D) Afro American history must be recognized as an important part of American history
