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????根据以下内容,回答下列各题。??用外科手术的技术处置不正常的大脑,对于医学界来说已经不是一

????根据以下内容,回答下列各题。

??用外科手术的技术处置不正常的大脑,对于医学界来说已经不是一个新鲜的课题。精神外科的本意,即是通过外科手段改变人的不正常的精神活动和行为表现。

早期使用的手术方法是大脑白质切除。1935年,葡萄牙精神病学家Moniz和神经外科医师Lima合作,施行双侧前额叶脑白质切除手术,从而开创了精神外科学,并将该手术命名为Moniz—Lima手术。这种手术令病人冲动攻击行为明显减少,变得温顺,但也给部分患者遗留下不可逆的器质性精神障碍,如记忆力、智能下降和人格缺陷等。

到50年代初,脑白质切除术几乎完全被废弃。1947年,脑立体定向技术应用于临床治疗并成功,这使得精神外科手术的精确性大为提高。70年代调查研究,结果半数患者疗效肯定,现代精种外科在精神病治疗中的地位因此得以重获肯定。因为立体定向手术毁损的脑组织直径仅0.5厘天左右,病人可以在不开颅的情况下进行手术,术后副反应因此而大大减小。随之而进一步发展的X光刀、Y刀,则帮助病人把痛苦和副作用降得越来越低。在各个国家,都有一些医生试图采取切除、射频、冷冻等手段,去除人脑中不正常的意识。专家们认为精种外科是医学界的重要发展方向。但是,医生们不得不承认,人脑对于当代医学来说还是一个太复杂的人体器官。神经类疾病的生理机制仍在探索,精神外科实际上仍缺乏真正的理论基础。这往往是引起对精神外科的争议的重要原因。像面对很多疑难医学问题一样,人类正在一边研究人脑,一边改动人脑。神经外科手术被用于癫痫,去掉那扭曲的病痛。还用于一些种类的精神病,去除执念,去除妄想。很难想象,人类会在短时期内为不同的精神症状、不同的患者作出准确的价值判断。更难想象,为一些文艺界的著名精神病患者实施精神外科手术—我们应该给蒙克、梵高、陀思妥耶夫斯基和维特根斯坦之类的人物开颅吗?

目前,全球范围内还没有任何用于规范精神外科手术的法律。这一空白产生的原因是,包括专业医生在内的人们对此类手术的原理知之甚少,而实际操作的例子也相当罕见。总的来说,人们还是把它当作是有危险的、潜力巨大的、将来时的医学手段。????

下列对“精神外科”的理解,不正确的一项是()??

A.精神外科是通过外科手术的技术改变人们的不正常的精神活动和行为表现。

B.1935年首创的切除大脑白质的精神外科技术会不可避免地给患者留下不可医治的后遗症。

C.1947年开始应用的脑立体定向技术大大提高了精神外科手术的精确性。

D.随着科技进步和时代的发展,精神外科将会成为医学界的重要发展方向。

下列对文中“很难想象,人类会在短时期内为不同的精神症状不同的患者作出准确的价值判断”的理解,不正确的一项是()

A.人脑是一个十分复杂的人体器官,人类目前还不能完全了解和改动它。

B.精神外科目前还缺乏真正的理论基础,人们对精神外科的治疗还存在很大的争议。

C.人们是否可以去改变一个人的精神活动,尤其是一些名人的精神活动是很难做出价值判断的。

D.相关法律的缺乏使得精神外科发展缓慢,人们普遍认为这是一种十分危险的手术。

根据本文提供的信息,下列推断正确的一项是()A.当今,用外科手术处置人类不正常的大脑,是一个新的课题,因此它具有巨大的潜力。

B.上世纪70年代对精神外科手术作了调查,有半数患者疗效肯定,这一结果使现代精神外科在精神病治疗中的地位重获肯定。

C.由于人类一边研究人脑,一边又在改动人脑,而人脑又是一个十分复杂的器官,因此精神外科在发展过程中充满争议。

D.即使是专业医生也对精神外科手术的原理知之甚少,因此他们很少去实际操作,这是精神外科成为“将来时”的唯一原因。

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析,谢谢!

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更多“????根据以下内容,回答下列各题。??用外科手术的技术处置不正常的大脑,对于医学界来说已经不是一”相关的问题

第1题

根据以下内容回答下列各题

A.根

B.根及根茎

C.草质茎

D.全草

E.地上部分 细辛

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第2题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。 2011年,《中国统计年鉴》显示:2010年,我国当年价格计算的国内生产总值为401202.0亿元(其中,最终消费186905.3亿元、资本形成总额191690.8亿元),年末人口数为134091万人。 根据资料请回答下列问题: (1)国内生产总值的核算方法不包括()。

A.生产法

B.收入法

C.综合法

D.支出法

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第3题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。Insure means to protect _51_ a loss of money.Most people can bud

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。

Insure means to protect _51_ a loss of money.Most people can budget their money so that their income will cover expected expenses _52_ food, clothing, housing, and public services.But, there is no way to know _53_ who will suffer a crisis (危机) such as a serious illness, fire, flood, or a car accident.Such crises usually _54_ great expense.Even if people could predict crises, it would be hard to save enough money to _55_ the expenses.Insurance is a system _56_ a company collects money from many individuals and then pays certain expenses whenever one of those insured individuals is faced with a certain crisis.An insurance policy _57_ how much the insurance costs and how much the company will pay when a policy holder is faced with a certain crisis.There are many different kinds of insurance, _58_ hospital, motor-car and fire.Insurance can be rather expensive but most people buy insurance of some kin

D.Insurance is something _59_ people buy and hope they will _60_ need.

51._________

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.with

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第4题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。 某地区2010年有关经济发展的综合统计资料如下: ①农、林、牧、渔业总产出为12亿元,其中中间投入为4亿元; ②工业总产出为35亿元,其中中间投入为25亿元; ③建筑业总产出为15亿元,其中中间投入为10亿元; ④批发和零售业总产出为10亿元,其中中间投入为5亿元; ⑤其他行业总产出为12亿元,其中中间投入为6亿元。 请根据上述资料回答下列问题: (1)国内生产总值的核算方法有()。

A.收入法

B.支出法

C.生产法

D.产品法

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第5题

请根据以下内容回答下列各题 Insurance (保险)is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone isexpo

请根据以下内容回答下列各题 Insurance (保险)is the sharing of risks. Nearly everyone isexposed to risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that hisproperty can be damaged by fire; the ship-owner knows that his vessel may belost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die at any early age and leavehis family poorer. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire norevery vessel lost at sea. If these persons, each put a small sum into a pool,there will be enough to meet the needs of the few who do suffer loss. In otherwords, the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the many. Thisis the basis of insurance. Those who pay the contribution are known as insuredand those who administer(管理)the pool of contributionsas insurers. The legal basis of all insurance is thepolicy. This is a printed form. of contract on stout paper of the best quality.It states that in return for the regular payment by the insured of a named sumof money, called the pre- mium(保险费), which is usually paid every year, the insurer will pay a sum ofmoney or compensation for loss, if the risk or event insured against actuallyhappens. The premium for an insurance naturally depends upon how likely therisk is to happen, as suggested by past experience, ff companies fix theirpremiums too high, there will be more to make the premium too low, they willlose money and may even have to drop out of busi- ness. So the ordinary forcesof supply and demand keep premiums at a level satisfactory to both the insurerand the insured. According to the writer, insurance is possible because__________

A.only a small proportion of the insured sufferloss

B.only insured people suffer loss

C.nearly everyone suffers loss

D.everyone at some time suffers loss

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第6题

根据以下内容回答下列各题, In ancient times wealth was measured and exchanged in things tha
t could be touched: food, tools, and precious metals and stones. Then the barter system was replaced by coins, which still had real value since they were pieces of rare metal. Coins were followed by fiat money, paper notes that have value only because everyone agrees to accept them. Today electronic monetary systems are gradually being introduced that will transform. money into even less tangible forms, reducing it to a series of “bits and bytes”, or units of computerized information, going between machines at the speed of light. Already, electronic fund transfer allows money to be instantly sent and received by different banks, companies, and countries through computers and telecommunications devices. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?

A.International Banking Policies

B.The History of Monetary Exchange

C.The Development of Paper Currencies

D.Current Problems in the Economy

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第7题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。 Man’s first real invention, and one of the most important inve
ntions in history, was the wheel.All transportation and every machine in the world depend on it.The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions, because there are no wheels in nature-no living thing was ever created with wheels.How, then, did man come to invent the wheel? Perhaps some early hunters found that they could roll the carcass of a heavy animal through the forest on logs more easily than they could carry it.However, the logs themselves weighed a lot. It must have taken a great prehistoric thinker to imagine two thin slices of log connected, at their centers by a string stick.This would roll along just as the logs did, yet be much lighter and easier to handle.Thus the wheel and axle came into being and with them the first carts. The wheel is important because _______.

A.it was man’s first real invention

B.all transportation depends on it

C.every machine depends on it

D.both B and C

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第8题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。 The death of a child, _51_ one’s own child,is something the min
d can hardly comprehend.It seems togo _52_ nature.The end of a life that is still forming_53_ has just begun is an almost unthinkable cruelty. But it happens.Parents sometimes must witness the illness and death of the children_54_ whom they gave birth.And _55_ will ever fill theempty place that the dead child leaves behind.Parents_56_ to die before their children, which is the natural order of life events.When the situation is reversed and a child dies _57_ the parents itseems wrong. Yet we never know why one person dies andanother lives.But we do know _58_ a child is gone, theparents still have a future, as grey and worthless as it may at first seem.Death may take the child, but the love never _59_. The sorrow after a child’s death is one ofthe longest and hardest type of _60_ to live with.And ittakes long to deal with the parents’ own emotions. __________

A.especially

B.special

C.especial

D.most

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第9题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。 The death of a child, _51_ one’s own child,is something the min
d can hardly comprehend.It seems togo _52_ nature.The end of a life that is still forming_53_ has just begun is an almost unthinkable cruelty. But it happens.Parents sometimes must witness the illness and death of the children_54_ whom they gave birth.And _55_ will ever fill theempty place that the dead child leaves behind.Parents_56_ to die before their children, which is the natural order of life events.When the situation is reversed and a child dies _57_ the parents itseems wrong. Yet we never know why one person dies andanother lives.But we do know _58_ a child is gone, theparents still have a future, as grey and worthless as it may at first seem.Death may take the child, but the love never _59_. The sorrow after a child’s death is one ofthe longest and hardest type of _60_ to live with.And ittakes long to deal with the parents’ own emotions. __________

A.especially

B.special

C.especial

D.most

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第10题

根据以下内容,回答下列各题。 In the old days, divers used to go down into the sea looking f
or ships that had sunk, because they hoped to find gold and jewels.Now divers still search for valuable things in sunken ships, but they also try to bring to the surface the ships themselves, or parts of them.The value of different kinds of metals has increased greatly over the last twenty or thirty years and even though a ship has been under the sea for many years, it may be worth a great deal. One famous sunken ship is the “Lusitania”, which sank off the southern coast of Ireland in 1915 with a loss of nearly, 1,500 lives.It has four huge propellers made of an expensive metal.Today each of those propellers is worth $ 300,000 or more.The ship lying on the sea-bed has been brought by a man called John Light.He paid about $ 1,200,000 for the whole ship.He hopes to bring up those propellers and sell them.He also hopes to sell other parts of the ship, when he has brought them to the surface, for about $ 600,000. Divers today try to bring to the surface _______.

A.gold and jewels

B.parts of ships

C.whole ships

D.all of the above

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